A quick thought experiment for you, dear reader:
Please name the top three managers in football today.
Now name the top five.
Now the top 10.
At any point in your process (we’ll forgive you if you got to seven managers and skipped a beat), did you name a manager in charge of a national team?
As Euro 2020 speeds through its knockout rounds, delivering some of the most memorable football of the current era, there has been a noticeable difference in the ebbs, flows and tactics of the games compared to what is seen in club football.
Europe’s top five domestic leagues rarely create matches as entertaining as Spain vs Croatia, for example. The Champions League, even when the stars align and two heavyweights are pitted against one another, can go months without manifesting a game delivering half the excitement that France vs Switzerland gave us. International football has always been a distinct entity compared to the domestic version, and this European Championship has seen those differences become more and more pronounced.
So what exactly is going on?
The most obvious difference between Euro 2020’s knockout phase (and indeed, the final days of the group stage) and club football, of course, is the format. The Euros are single elimination; it is win or bust for (nearly) every single game, creating a unique sense of jeopardy. To the audience, that is part of the thrill; an unexpected goal (Portugal), a freakish red card (the Netherlands) or some other strange alchemy of events (France) can see tournament favourites eliminated at a moment’s notice. In a sport as low scoring as football, single-elimination games increase the level of importance of freak events – one slip up and you’re out.
To managers, who spend the better part of two years planning for each tournament, that constant risk of jeopardy is a nightmare, and so Euro 2020 is seeing a number of its teams employ a very pronounced style of football in an attempt to control the chaos.
Didier Deschamps, for example, has spent years refining his France team in a way that doesn’t unleash his assortment of attacking talents, but first works to limit the spaces available to the opposition teams. Deschamps won the last World Cup gambling that if he could make his team solid before being spectacular, he could reduce the chaos of single-elimination international matches into a game of fine margins. Blessed with more talented footballers than any other country in the world, Deschamps then waits for one of his superstars to do something to win the match. That worked at Russia 2018 and, after a seven-minute spell in that last-16 tie against Switzerland where Hugo Lloris saved a penalty and Karim Benzema scored twice, it looked to be working again this summer.
Deschamps’ France, along with Fernando Santos’ Portugal, have won international trophies by working not to be “good” in a sense that fits the conventions of modern club football, but instead by trying to be “good enough to provide a platform for a superstar to swing a game”. There is a reason why Gareth Southgate talked up both those teams as “savvy and experienced” and possible educational tools as to how his England lads might start winning big tournament games.
There’s also a reason why France and Portugal have now both been eliminated from these Euros in thrilling circumstances – eventually, the chaos of international football will manifest itself.
“What takes you 60 sessions in pre-season to set a team up, you need to do it in three sessions with international teams,” said Roberto Martinez in a recent interview with The Athletic . Martinez’s club management career has been an interesting one, with transformative spells at Swansea City and Wigan Athletic dampened by a subsequent erratic reign at Everton. Now in charge of one of the best squads at this European Championship, it can be hard to quantify his tactical approach in the same way we might do, say, a Mauricio Pochettino.
We know Martinez has a tactical outlook for his Belgium team, but because of the limited contact time he has with those players over the course of the year, he must make adaptations and trade-offs based in part on what he sees in each player’s club performances. Martinez is one of the most successful managers in Belgium’s history but has openly spoken about how his skills perhaps lie more in the softer intangibles of football management rather than in leading whiteboard sessions.
Martinez can’t coach Belgium the same way he would a club side (Photo: Alexander Hassenstein/Getty Images)
In addition to this, the whiteboard sessions afforded to national team managers create different scenarios compared to their club counterparts.
There is less pressing at Euro 2020, for example, compared to the Premier League. What pressing we have seen at this tournament occurs in short bursts, with one team often sitting off once the opposition has established conditions for possession.
There is added impetus on set pieces as a means for chance creation, a long-developing trend from the World Cup three years ago. There’s “home advantage” in some games for certain nations, and then there is not in others. There are water breaks allowed in some games because of the heat and time of kick-off, but also not. There are travel distances between host cities to consider, injury issues, COVID-19 protocols to adhere to, and more. Even if Martinez got the 60 sessions he spoke of, he’d still be unlikely to plan for every eventuality at this tournament. There’s always an unknown unknown.
Football is regarded as a “weak-link” sport, where less talented players have a more noticeable negative effect on a team than a superstar can have a positive one.
In club football, with an abundance of training time, a home-and-away league format that allows for swings in form, and squads assembled largely from capital (as in, teams with higher wage budgets tend to always finish above teams with lower wage budgets), managers have the time and freedoms to tackle their own “weak links” before attempting to exploit the oppositions.
Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, for example, has a weakness in defensive midfield at Manchester United, so to alleviate this he tasks both Fred and Scott McTominay with carrying out the work of one man, before asking Bruno Fernandes to play an intense high-risk/high-reward style of passing to make up for their lack of creativity from deep. The “Pep Roulette” system at Manchester City is Guardiola constantly readjusting his XI as he seeks extra margins to win games, and so on.
In international football, where there is less training time, single-elimination matches and squads assembled solely by nationality, coaches have to interpret weak links differently.
Portugal lost 4-2 to Germany in the group stage of these Euros in part because Santos could not hide his side’s weaknesses at full-back when Nelson Semedo plays, and Germany punished him severely.
In a league format, Santos would be able to correct that issue within a month, or perhaps bring in a player in a transfer window to change his team’s style of play. At a European Championship, he had a few days to correct the issue. Where club football allows for systems of constant, gradual refinement and adjustments, there is a greater need for international managers to “mend and make do”.
That international tournaments traditionally arrive every two years creates further rhythms and cycles that a manager must be wise to. Every manager still involved at Euro 2020 (and a few of those recently eliminated) is working towards (at least one) obvious, distinct window of opportunity for his team. Belgium’s comparatively small population and gaggle of defenders aged over 30 give Martinez added impetus to win now before the overall quality of his squad dips. Deschamps, Gareth Southgate and others could spend some time at this tournament thinking about the World Cup finals that begin in Qatar in 18 months.
International football managers work to different systems to club managers, and within that framework there are further different systems they have to develop based on the country they represent.
International football used to be closer to a strong-link sport, with some historically successful footballing nations winning tournaments largely based on the work of two or three superstars. However, the tactical developments in the 21st century — drawing on improvements in sports science, the boom in statistical analysis, and further exchange in cultural ideas between nations — have seen a change of approach from winning teams at recent tournaments.
Developments in coaching across nations, coupled with the near-industrialisation of youth football have also seen the gap close between the historically successful footballing nations and the smaller ones: England expected to ease past Iceland in the last-16 at the Euros five years ago due to these strong links but lacked the tactical system to respond after going a goal behind.
It is rare for a team to reach an international tournament without having at least two players with Champions League experience in their squad. Winning teams have to be sensible in their tactics, which, coupled with the limited coaching time available, means many top national teams play a safety-first, tactics-light, defensive style. However, they can be undone by one player in the dying moments of a game making a last-ditch effort of a pass, such as Granit Xhaka’s assist for Mario Gavranovic to make it 3-3 against France on Monday.
International football is many different, wildly oscillating forces colliding with objects that have spent years trying to become immovable.
This is not to say there are no tactics on show at this summer’s competition — the weekend’s last-16 ties saw Denmark shut down Wales by moving defender Andreas Christensen into central midfield to close off the space to Aaron Ramsey, and the Czech Republic beat the Netherlands in part due to Tomas Holes tracking the runs of Georginio Wijnaldum — but it is rare to see an international team play with the tactical structure of a club side (especially when attacking).
As mentioned above, football is a low-scoring sport, which means you can have small moments of oddity that create moments of wild variance – a longer, league format will eventually see those balance out. Euro 2020 compacts all of that variance into one month, adds several extra elements and then asks the managers involved to figure it out as they go along.
And that’s before we factor in that this competition is being played on the back of a massively-compacted 2020-21 club season that saw a number of the most talented and technically proficient footballers in the sport’s history perform with high levels of mental and physical fatigue.
Few players at Euro 2000, say, would have been able to replicate Pedri’s 30 yard-plus back-pass to goalkeeper Unai Simon on Monday, but Simon wasn’t aware of the spin and pace on the ball and it created a freakish own goal that put Croatia 1-0 up.
That’s what makes the Euros fun.
That’s what several managers at the Euros try to stop at any cost, only for it to happen anyway.